మూస:Infobox terbium

టెర్బియం, ₀₀Tb
టెర్బియం
Pronunciation	/ˈtɜːrbiəm/ (TUR-bee-əm)
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Tb)
	158.925354±0.000007; 158.93±0.01 (abridged);
టెర్బియం in the periodic table
	గాడోలీనియం ← టెర్బియం → డిస్ప్రోసియం
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f9 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1629 K (1356 °C, 2473 °F)
Boiling point	3503 K (3230 °C, 5846 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	8.23 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.65 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	10.15 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	293 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	28.91 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: ? 1.2
Atomic radius	empirical: 177 pm
Covalent radius	194±5 pm
	Spectral lines of టెర్బియం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	2620 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (α, poly) 10.3 µm/(m⋅K)
Thermal conductivity	11.1 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (α, poly) 1.150 µ Ω⋅m
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic at 300 K
Young's modulus	(α form) 55.7 GPa
Shear modulus	(α form) 22.1 GPa
Bulk modulus	(α form) 38.7 GPa
Poisson ratio	(α form) 0.261
Vickers hardness	863 MPa
Brinell hardness	677 MPa
CAS Number	7440-27-9
History
Discovery	Carl Gustaf Mosander (1842)
First isolation	Carl Gustaf Mosander (1842)
Isotopes of టెర్బియం v; e;
	Template:infobox టెర్బియం isotopes does not exist
	Category: టెర్బియం; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Terbium". CIAAW. 2021.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
↑ La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB₈⁻ clusters; see Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2021). "Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6467. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9. PMC 8578558. PMID 34753931.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Terbium". CIAAW. 2021.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Cloke1993-3] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.

[LnI-4] La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB₈⁻ clusters; see Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2021). "Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6467. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9. PMC 8578558. PMID 34753931.

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