మూస:ఫ్లోరిన్ మూలకము

ఫ్లోరిన్, ₀₀F
	Liquid fluorine (F2 at extremely low temperature)
ఫ్లోరిన్
Pronunciation	/ˈflʊəriːn/; /ˈflɔːriːn/; (FLOR-een);
Allotropes	alpha, beta (see Allotropes of fluorine)
Appearance	వాయు స్థితి: చాలా లేత పసుపు; ద్రవ స్థితి: ప్రకాశవంతమైన పసుపు; ఘన స్థితి: పారదర్శకం (బీటా), అపారదర్శకం (ఆల్ఫా)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(F)
	18.998403162±0.000000005; 18.998±0.001 (abridged);
ఫ్లోరిన్ in the periodic table
	ఆక్సిజన్ ← ఫ్లోరిన్ → నియాన్
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 2
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[He] 2s2 2p5
Electrons per shell	2, 7
Physical properties
Phase at STP	gas
Melting point	53.48 K (−219.67 °C, −363.41 °F)
Boiling point	85.03 K (−188.11 °C, −306.60 °F)
Density (at STP)	1.696 g/L
when liquid (at b.p.)	1.505 g/cm3
Triple point	53.48 K, 90 kPa
Critical point	144.41 K, 5.1724 MPa
Heat of vaporization	6.51 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	(Cp) (21.1 °C) 31 J·mol−1·K−1; (Cv) (21.1 °C) 23 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−1, 0 (oxidizes oxygen)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 3.98
Ionization energies	(more);
Covalent radius	64 pm
Van der Waals radius	135 pm
	Spectral lines of ఫ్లోరిన్
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	base-centered monoclinic ; alpha state (low-temperature)
Thermal conductivity	0.02591 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic, −1.2×10−4 (SI)
CAS Number	7782-41-4
History
Naming	after the mineral fluorite, itself named after Latin fluo (to flow, in smelting)
Discovery	André-Marie Ampère (1810)
First isolation	Henri Moissan (June 26, 1886)
Named by	Humphry Davy
Isotopes of ఫ్లోరిన్ v; e;
	Template:infobox ఫ్లోరిన్ isotopes does not exist
	Category: ఫ్లోరిన్; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Fluorine". CIAAW. 2021.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 381.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.121. ISBN 1439855110.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Aigueperse et al. 2005, "Fluorine", p. 2.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Compressed Gas Association (1999). Handbook of compressed gases. Springer. p. 365. ISBN 9780412782305.
↑ Himmel, D.; Riedel, S. (2007). "After 20 Years, Theoretical Evidence That 'AuF₇' Is Actually AuF₅·F₂". Inorganic Chemistry. 46 (13). 5338–5342. doi:10.1021/ic700431s.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 Aigueperse et al. 2005, "Fluorine", p. 1.
↑ Dean 1999, p. 4.35.
↑ Kim, Sung-Hoon (2006). Functional dyes. Elsevier. p. 257. ISBN 9780444521767.
↑ Young, David A. (1975). Phase Diagrams of the Elements (Report). Springer. p. 10. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
↑ Yaws & Braker 2001, p. 385.
↑ Mackay, Mackay & Henderson 2002, p. 72.
↑ Cheng, H.; Fowler, D. E.; Henderson, P. B.; Hobbs, J. P.; Pascaloni, M. R. (1999). "On the magnetic susceptibility of fluorine". Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 103 (15): 2861–2866. doi:10.1021/jp9844720.
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 Dean 1999, p. 4.6.
↑ Chiste, V.; Be, M. M. (2006). "F-18" (PDF). Table de radionucleides. Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel. Retrieved 15 June 2011.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Fluorine". CIAAW. 2021.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[FOOTNOTEJaccaud_et_al.2000381-3] Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 381.

[b92-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.121. ISBN 1439855110.

[FOOTNOTEAigueperse_et_al.2005"Fluorine",_p._2-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Aigueperse et al. 2005, "Fluorine", p. 2.

[cpcv-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Compressed Gas Association (1999). Handbook of compressed gases. Springer. p. 365. ISBN 9780412782305.

[7] Himmel, D.; Riedel, S. (2007). "After 20 Years, Theoretical Evidence That 'AuF₇' Is Actually AuF₅·F₂". Inorganic Chemistry. 46 (13). 5338–5342. doi:10.1021/ic700431s.

[FOOTNOTEAigueperse_et_al.2005"Fluorine",_p._1-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 Aigueperse et al. 2005, "Fluorine", p. 1.

[FOOTNOTEDean19994.35-9] Dean 1999, p. 4.35.

[Kim2006-10] Kim, Sung-Hoon (2006). Functional dyes. Elsevier. p. 257. ISBN 9780444521767.

[phases-11] Young, David A. (1975). Phase Diagrams of the Elements (Report). Springer. p. 10. Retrieved 10 June 2011.

[FOOTNOTEYawsBraker2001385-12] Yaws & Braker 2001, p. 385.

[FOOTNOTEMackayMackayHenderson200272-13] Mackay, Mackay & Henderson 2002, p. 72.

[Magsusc-14] Cheng, H.; Fowler, D. E.; Henderson, P. B.; Hobbs, J. P.; Pascaloni, M. R. (1999). "On the magnetic susceptibility of fluorine". Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 103 (15): 2861–2866. doi:10.1021/jp9844720.

[FOOTNOTEDean19994.6-15] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 Dean 1999, p. 4.6.

[Chiste-16] Chiste, V.; Be, M. M. (2006). "F-18" (PDF). Table de radionucleides. Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel. Retrieved 15 June 2011.

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