మూస:నికెల్ మూలకము

నికెల్, ₀₀Ni

నికెల్
Appearance	lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ni)
	58.6934±0.0004 58.693±0.001 (abridged)
నికెల్ in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium - ↑ Ni ↓ Pd కోబాల్ట్ ← నికెల్ → రాగి
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 4
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d8 4s2 or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 16, 2 or 2, 8, 17, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1728 K ​(1455 °C, ​2651 °F)
Boiling point	3186 K ​(2913 °C, ​5275 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	8.908 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.81 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	17.48 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	377.5 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.07 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1783 1950 2154 2410 2741 3184
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.91
Ionization energies	(more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 124 pm
Covalent radius	124±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	163 pm
Spectral lines of నికెల్
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	4900 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	13.4 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	90.9 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	69.3 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	ferromagnetic
Young's modulus	200 GPa
Shear modulus	76 GPa
Bulk modulus	180 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.31
Mohs hardness	4.0
Vickers hardness	638 MPa
Brinell hardness	700 MPa
CAS Number	7440-02-0
History
Discovery	Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)
First isolation	Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)
Isotopes of నికెల్

References

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